一个Y型的社会染色体导致火的替代殖民地组织
John Wang1, Yannick Wurm, Mingkwan Nipitwattanaphon
1Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. johnwang@gate.sinica.edu.tw
Nature
|January 22, 2013
概括
火的社会组织由一对独特的染色体 (SB和Sb) 控制,这些染色体抑制了重组. 这种基因组结构通过防止变体之间的基因交换来维持不同的社会行为.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 内部的社会组织有很大差异,但它的遗传基础往往不清楚.
- 火Solenopsis invicta表现出两种社会形式,由一个单一的遗传元素控制,与一种臭味结合蛋白质基因联系在一起.
研究的目的:
- 鉴定和描述Solenopsis invicta中社会多态化的基因组区域.
- 调查不同社会组织背后的进化和遗传机制.
主要方法:
- 控制社会组织的地区的基因组特征.
- 比较基因组学以确定染色体变异之间的差异.
- 对重组抑制和基因含量的分析.
主要成果:
- 社会多态性与一对异形染色体 (SB和Sb) 相关,类似于性别染色体.
- 在SB和Sb之间存在一个很大的抑制重组区域 (13Mb),可能是由于9Mb的反转.
- 观察到有限的基因组分化,大多数基因存在于两种变体中,但Sb的非重组区域累积了有害突变.
- 社会形式之间表达差异的基因位于这个非重组区域内.
结论:
- 基因组重组,特别是异形染色体上抑制的重组,可以通过协调基因作用来维持不同的社会现象型.
- 这种机制允许复杂的社会行为演变,涉及多个基因协同行动.
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