人类的THAP9基因编码了一个活跃的P元素DNA转基因酶
Sharmistha Majumdar1, Anita Singh, Donald C Rio
1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.
概括
人类THAP9,一种化的基因,是一种活跃的DNA转基因酶. 它可以在人类和的细胞中调动Drosophila P元素,证明跨物种活动.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 人类基因组包括大约50个来自可移植元素 (TE) 的基因.
- 许多这些化的TE现在对细胞基因表达至关重要.
- 人类的THAP9基因与Drosophila P-元素转基因酶具有同源性.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类THAP9基因的功能活动.
- 为了确定人类THAP9是否可以调动可转移的元素.
- 为了探索THAP9与Drosophila P元素相关的跨物种活动.
主要方法:
- 在Drosophila和人类细胞系中进行了测试.
- 测试了人类THAP9调动Drosophila P元素的能力.
- 结合THAP9域与P元素转化酶区域的化学蛋白质被设计和测试.
主要成果:
- 人类THAP9表现出动员Drosophila和人类细胞中的Drosophila P元素的能力.
- 化学蛋白质,包括THAP DNA结合域和THAP9 C终端区域,也调动了P元素.
- 这些发现证实THAP9是一种具有跨物种动员能力的活性DNA转基因酶.
结论:
- 人类THAP9作为活跃的DNA转基因酶起作用,尽管被化,但仍保持着催化活性.
- THAP9可以在不同物种中调解Drosophila P元素的转移.
- 这项研究突显了真核生物中古代的转子子衍生基因保留的功能能力.
相关概念视频
DNA-only Transposons
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Transposons
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
LTR Retrotransposons
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...


