相关实验视频
Updated: May 10, 2026
12:33
Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
Published on: January 1, 2014
在动作启动过程中,状直径和间接直径的同时激活
Guohong Cui1, Sang Beom Jun, Xin Jin
1Section on In Vivo Neural Function, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9412, USA.
Nature
|January 29, 2013
概括
研究人员开发了一种新方法来测量基底质中神经活动. 这项研究挑战了关于直接和间接路径如何控制运动的传统观点.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发动机控制器的控制器
- 基底腺功能 基底腺功能
背景情况:
- 基底腺节对于自愿运动控制至关重要.
- 目前的模型提出了直接和间接路径在运动控制中的对立作用.
- 在自由移动的动物中测试这些模型是具有挑战性的.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种新的 in vivo 方法来选择性地测量直接和间接途径脊状投射神经元 (SPN) 活动.
- 在自愿行动启动过程中调查这些途径的活动模式.
主要方法:
- 在D1-Cre和A2A-Cre小鼠中利用了GCaMP3的Cre-依赖病毒表达.
- 在自由移动的小鼠中使用光纤和与时间相关的单光子计数 (TCSPC).
- 在操作条件化任务期间监控神经活动.
主要成果:
- 在动作启动时,在直接和间接通路SPN中观察到神经活动的暂时增加.
- 发现两条路径的同时激活在逆转运动之前.
- 神经活动预测了500 ms内的特定运动.
结论:
- 这些发现挑战了对立直接和间接通路函数的经典模型.
- 暗示基底腺路径在运动控制中的更复杂的相互作用.
- 可能为影响基底腺的神经系统疾病提供新的见解.
相关概念视频
01:14Action Potential
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
01:20Motor Unit Stimulation
When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
01:27Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
01:11Direct Motor Pathways
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and the...
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and the...
01:22Indirect Motor Pathways
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...