一个基于超氧化的低超电位氧电池
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 14, 2013
概括
研究人员开发了一种新的氧 (K-O(2) 电池,可以克服氧电池的局限性. 这种新型电池实现了创纪录的低潜力差距,提高了先进储能系统的能源效率.
科学领域:
- 电化学 电化学 电化学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 储能 储能 储能 储能 储能 储能
背景情况:
- 氧 (Li-O2) 电池对未来的储能充满希望,但由于放电/充电反应中的巨大过量潜力,其能效较低.
- 在高充电电位时,涉及电解质和碳电极的寄生反应会降低-O2系统的容量并缩短电池寿命.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究一种新的氧 (K-O(2) 电池系统.
- 为了解决在Li-O(2) 电池中观察到的效率限制和寄生反应.
- 为了在金属氧电池中提高能源效率,实现一个较小的潜在差距.
主要方法:
- 开发和测试一种K-O(2) 电池,利用离子 (K(+)) 来捕获超氧化基 (O(2) ((-)).
- 在电池循环过程中对超氧化物 (KO(2) 的形成和去除进行分析.
- 在没有催化剂的适度电流密度下,评估电池性能,包括放电/充电潜力差距.
主要成果:
- 该K-O(2) 电池通过O(2)/O(2)-的单电子还氧化过程运行,形成热力学稳定的KO(2) 产物.
- 在电池循环过程中实验证实了KO(2) 的形成和去除.
- 在没有催化剂的情况下,实现了显著低的放电/充电潜力差距,不到50mV,这是金属氧电池报告的最低值.
结论:
- K-O(2) 电池为Li-O(2) 电池提供了可行的替代方案,通过稳定的KO(2) 产品实现高效的能量储存.
- 证明的低潜力差距凸显了这种新的金属氧系统中高能效的潜力.
- 这项研究为开发下一代高性能金属氧电池铺平了道路.
相关概念视频
03:06Alkali Metals
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
03:00Electrolysis
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
03:12Batteries and Fuel Cells
A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
02:21Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
01:24Redox Reactions
Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
02:47Voltaic/Galvanic Cells
Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...