生物多样性通过东道社区竞争力的可预测变化来减少疾病.
Pieter T J Johnson1, Daniel L Preston, Jason T Hoverman
1Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. pieter.johnson@colorado.edu
Nature
|February 15, 2013
概括
较高的宿主生物多样性减少了疾病的传播. 多样化的生态系统具有更具耐药性的物种,降低了病原体传播和两动物疾病风险的78.4%.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 疾病生态学 疾病生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 越来越多的物种灭绝和疾病的出现凸显了了解生物多样性对疾病的影响的必要性.
- 以前的研究表明,宿主生物多样性与疾病风险之间存在负相关性,但宿主能力与社区集会之间的联系尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查宿主多样性,社区组成和两动物*Ribeiroia ondatrae*病原体传播之间的关系.
- 确定生物多样性保护是否可以减轻野生动物群体的疾病风险.
主要方法:
- 综合了来自345个湿地的高分辨率现场数据,并进行了多规模的实验室和中宇宙实验.
- 调查了24215只两动物宿主,以评估物种丰富性,社区组成和病原体传播.
- 进行控制实验,操纵宿主多样性,以测量病原体传播和疾病病理.
主要成果:
- 两动物物种丰富与社区组成的非随机变化有关,物种贫乏的宿主更有能力,不同组合的物种更有耐药性.
- 两动物物种丰富度增加显著减少了病原体传播78.4%和疾病病理.
- 实验操作显示,在多样性梯度中,病原体传播和宿主病理减少了50%左右,即使控制宿主密度.
结论:
- 生物多样性,特别是宿主物种的丰富性,始终影响着社区的能力,并抑制了病原体的传播.
- 这些发现支持了生物多样性丧失可能会增加疾病风险的假设,并强调了基于社区的疾病生态方法的重要性.
- 保护生物多样性为减少野生动物疾病的流行和影响提供了一个潜在的战略.
相关概念视频
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Infection
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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