非传染性疾病中的不平等以及有效的应对措施
Mariachiara Di Cesare1, Young-Ho Khang, Perviz Asaria
1MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 16, 2013
概括
低社会经济地位的人面临非传染性疾病 (NCD) 的风险更高,获得医疗保健的机会更差. 解决这些社会不平等问题对于减少全球NCD总体负担至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会流行病学 社会流行病学
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
背景情况:
- 非传染性疾病 (NCD) 不成比例地影响社会经济地位低的个人和边缘化社区.
- 吸烟和高血压等非传染性疾病风险因素的社会不平等受经济发展,文化因素和卫生政策的影响.
- 这些风险因素的差异在重大非传染性疾病,特别是心血管疾病和肺癌方面的不平等方面有着显著的贡献.
研究的目的:
- 突出社会经济地位与非传染性疾病风险和死亡率之间的重要联系.
- 强调社会不平等在NCD风险因素和医疗保健获取方面的作用.
- 强调减少弱势群体的非传染性疾病的必要性,以减少NCD负担.
主要方法:
- 这项研究是对现有关于社会经济地位和非传染性疾病的研究的审查和综合.
- 对不同社会经济群体风险因素流行率的数据分析.
- 基于社会经济地位的NCD诊断和治疗的医疗保健获取差异的检查.
主要成果:
- 与较高的SES群体相比,低SES个体的非传染性疾病和死亡率更高.
- 风险因素中的社会不平等占主要非传染性疾病中观察到的不平等的一半以上.
- 弱势群体往往无法及时获得NCD诊断和治疗.
结论:
- 在弱势群体中减少非传染性疾病对于降低全球非传染性疾病负担至关重要.
- 有效的干预措施包括公平的幼儿计划,教育,就业支持,有针对性的烟草/酒精控制和减少盐的策略.
- 普遍的,可访问的,高质量的初级保健和财务保护对于缓解NCD不平等至关重要.
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