1980年至1985年,美国的致命职业伤害
C A Bell1, N A Stout, T R Bender
1Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WVa 26505-2888.
JAMA
|June 13, 1990
概括
从1980年到1985年,美国的职场死亡人数平均每年为7,000人,男性,老年工人和采矿/运输行业的工人面临最高风险. 在此期间,创伤性职业死亡率总体下降了23%.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 公共卫生监督 公共卫生监督
- 伤害流行病学 伤害流行病学
背景情况:
- 国家创伤性职业死亡 (NTOF) 监测项目成立,目的是收集美国与工作有关的死亡数据.
- 从1980年到1985年,每年大约有7,000名工人死于创伤性职业伤害.
研究的目的:
- 分析美国工人的死亡证明中的人口,就业和受伤数据.
- 确定职业死亡高风险群体和行业.
- 追踪创伤性职业死亡率的趋势.
主要方法:
- 从死亡证明中收集的数据,涵盖了1980-1985年美国所有创伤性职业死亡事故的数据.
- 对人口因素 (年龄,性别,种族),就业信息和死亡原因 (无意伤害,杀人) 的分析.
- 按行业和人口群体计算死亡率.
主要成果:
- 男人占死亡人数的94%,无意伤害是主要原因 (83%).
- 杀人是女性死亡的重要原因 (39%).
- 矿业,运输,建筑和农业行业的死亡率最高.
- 虽然较年轻的年龄组死亡人数更多,但老年工人 (70岁以上) 的死亡率最高.
- 从1980年到1985年,每年创伤性职业死亡率下降了23%.
结论:
- 职业死亡不成比例地影响男性和特定高风险行业.
- 死亡原因在男性和女性之间存在显著差异.
- 需要针对高风险职业和人口统计数据进行有针对性的干预.
- 观察到的死亡率下降表明安全举措的有效性.
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