CTCF和凝聚性:将基因调控元素与它们的目标联系起来
Matthias Merkenschlager1, Duncan T Odom
1Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK. matthias.merkenschlager@csc.mrc.ac.uk
Cell
|March 19, 2013
概括
CTCF和凝聚蛋白协调DNA元素之间的长距离相互作用. 可转移的元素可以改变这些相互作用,潜在地形成细胞类型特定的基因网络.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 表观遗传学识别了调节性DNA元素,并绘制了相互作用的地图.
- CTCF和凝聚蛋白是参与基因组组织的关键蛋白质.
研究的目的:
- 探索CTCF和凝聚力在协调远程监管要素相互作用中的作用.
- 研究可转移元素对这些相互作用的影响.
- 了解这些相互作用如何形成细胞类型特定的转录网络.
主要方法:
- 审查当前的表观遗传学方法.
- 对CTCF和凝聚力结合数据的分析.
- 检查可转移要素对监管网络的影响.
主要成果:
- 在中介长距离相互作用方面,CTCF和凝聚力起着至关重要的作用.
- 特定物种的可转移元素可以修改CTCF结合点.
- 凝聚力链接增强剂,促进剂和CTCF站点.
结论:
- CTCF和凝聚蛋白促进发育调节的基因网络的形成.
- 这些网络对于细胞类型特定的基因表达是必不可少的.
- 可转移的元素有助于监管相互作用的可塑性.
相关概念视频
02:02Cis-regulatory Sequences
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
02:02Cis-regulatory Sequences
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
02:04Co-activators and Co-repressors
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
02:04Co-activators and Co-repressors
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
02:04Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
02:04Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.