在海洋沉积物中占主导地位的古生物降解了破坏性蛋白质
Karen G Lloyd1, Lars Schreiber, Dorthe G Petersen
1Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark. klloyd@utk.edu
Nature
|March 29, 2013
概括
海洋沉积物中含有丰富的未培养的古生物,包括各种类古生物群 (MCG) 和海洋盆地群-D (MBG-D). 这些古生物拥有独特的酶,这表明它们在海洋沉积物蛋白质重矿化中起着重要作用.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 古代生物在海洋沉积物中丰富,但大多数仍未培养,阻碍了生理和进化理解.
- 各种骨古群 (MCG) 和海洋盆地群-D (MBG-D) 是海底环境中数量占主导地位的古生物.
- 这些未培养的古生物的进化位置和功能在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 研究海洋沉积物中丰富的未培养古生物的遗传学位置和潜在功能.
- 通过单细胞基因组学来表征各种骨 (MCG) 和海洋盆地群-D (MBG-D).
- 探索这些古生物在海洋沉积物生态系统中的营养循环中的作用.
主要方法:
- 单细胞基因组测序是在MCG和MBG-D的分离细胞上进行的.
- 遗传学分析被用来确定这些古生物的进化关系.
- 用酶活性测定和生物信息学来评估蛋白质降解能力.
主要成果:
- MCG和MBG-D代表了已知类 (Thaumarchaeota,Aigarchaeota) 和类 (Thermoplasmatales) 的基础新型考古系.
- 基因组分析显示,所有测序的细胞中都存在细胞外蛋白质降解酶 (例如,gingipain,clostripain).
- 这些酶在海洋沉积物样本中被检测为丰富且活跃的.
结论:
- 没有培养的MCG和MBG-D古生物在古生物生命树上占据了独特的位置.
- 这些古生物具有功能性酶机制,可以在它们的环境中分解蛋白质.
- 未被发现的古生物可能在无氧海洋沉积物中的蛋白质重矿化中起着至关重要的作用.
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