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非洲长的基因组为四足动物进化提供了洞察力
Chris T Amemiya1, Jessica Alföldi, Alison P Lee
1Molecular Genetics Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA. camemiya@benaroyaresearch.org
Nature
|April 20, 2013
概括
非洲长基因组显示,肺鱼,而不是长,是四足动物的最亲近的亲属. 这种古老的鱼类基因组为脊椎动物进化和从水到陆的过渡提供了洞察力.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 古生物学的古生物学
背景情况:
- 龙鱼是一种状鱼,在1938年被重新发现,它被认为已经灭绝了7000万年.
- 它的古老血统和与化石亲属的物理相似性为早期脊椎动物进化和过渡到陆地提供了洞察力.
- 了解罗的基因组对于追踪四足动物祖先至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 测序和分析非洲 (Latimeria chalumnae) 的基因组.
- 为了确定四足动物 (四肢脊椎动物) 的最近的亲属.
- 调查与脊椎动物适应陆地生命相关的基因组变化.
主要方法:
- 全基因组测序的拉蒂梅里亚 chalumnae.
- 遗传学分析以重建进化关系.
- 比较基因组学以确定基因和调控元素的变化.
- 调节元件 (增强剂) 的功能测试.
主要成果:
- 遗传学分析确定肺鱼是四足动物的最近亲属,而不是鱼.
- 鱼的蛋白质编码基因的进化比四足动物的进化要慢得多.
- 确定了关键基因和参与脊椎动物适应陆地的调节元素,包括免疫力,分泌和感官/肢体发育.
- 功能性测试证实了鱼增强剂在翅膀到四肢过渡中的作用.
结论:
- 肺鱼,而不是鱼,是四足动物的最近的亲属.
- 罗的基因组为了解脊椎动物进化的遗传基础,特别是向陆地的过渡提供了宝贵的资源.
- 蛋白质编码基因的进化速率在鱼和四足动物之间有所不同,为不同的进化压力提供了洞察力.
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