在鸟类系的类动物中,将身体形状和运动生物力学的演变联系在一起
Vivian Allen1, Karl T Bates, Zhiheng Li
1Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Nature
|April 26, 2013
概括
鸟类运动的进化涉及脚恐龙的后肢姿势的逐渐变化,而Maniraptora的加速变化与飞行有关. 扩大的前肢,而不是减少的尾巴,显著影响了这种进化.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 活着的鸟类 (Neornithes) 展现出独特的机动:羽毛辅助的飞行和的后肢.
- 这些特征的进化起源是有争议的.
- 计算机建模和特殊的化石发现使定量生物力学分析成为可能.
研究的目的:
- 量化Archosauria的运动生物力学的进化趋势.
- 研究鸟类谱系中后肢姿势和质量中心的演变.
- 确定影响鸟类运动进化的关键形态因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了17个类动物的骨尺寸的3D数字重建.
- 包括特别保存的羽毛类动物 (Microraptor,Archaeopteryx,Pengornis,Yixianornis) 在内.
- 量化了全身比例和质量中心位置.
主要成果:
- 后肢姿势在热足动物中逐渐演变,在Maniraptora中加速.
- 胸部四肢的扩大,而不是尾部的缩小,强烈影响了质量中心和后肢的姿势.
- 在Maniraptora中加速的形态功能趋势与飞行进化的相关.
结论:
- 鸟类飞行进化与胸部和骨盆四肢的解剖学变化有关.
- 这项研究挑战了关于减小尾巴作为后肢姿势演变的主要驱动因素的传统观点.
- 表明前肢和后肢适应在鸟类运动起源的复杂相互作用.
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