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人类和Drosophila 80S核糖体的结构
Andreas M Anger1, Jean-Paul Armache, Otto Berninghausen
1Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry and Center for integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Nature
|May 3, 2013
概括
研究人员已经阐明了80S核糖体的复杂分子结构,揭示了新的结构层. 这些发现提升了我们对人类和果等复杂生物体中蛋白质合成的理解.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 核糖体是所有细胞中蛋白质合成的重要宏分子机器.
- 虽然原生细胞和简单的真核细胞核糖体的结构是已知的,但80S核糖体的复杂结构仍然难以捉摸.
- 了解metazoan 核糖体结构对于理解复杂生物体中基本的细胞过程至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定80S核糖体的高分辨率分子结构.
- 为了研究蛋白质合成的结构基础在生物体,如Drosophila melanogaster和智人.
- 为了识别元动物核糖体中独特的新型结构特征.
主要方法:
- 使用高分辨率冷电子显微镜 (cryo-EM) 来可视化核糖体结构.
- 该研究的重点是与翻译因子eEF2,E位移转RNA和Stm1-样蛋白质复合的核糖体.
- 密度图的计算分析被用来构建和完善原子模型.
主要成果:
- 这项研究介绍了Drosophila melanogaster和Homo sapiens 80S核糖体的详细结构.
- 在甲动物核糖体中发现了两个额外的结构层:一个有序的内部层和一个灵活的外部RNA层.
- 展示了特定于metazoan的核糖体RNA和核糖体蛋白的共同进化.
结论:
- 确定的结构为80S核糖体的分子结构提供了前所未有的洞察力.
- 这些发现揭示了复杂生物体的核糖体中独特的结构适应.
- 提出的结构将作为未来关于核糖体功能的详细结构,生化和遗传研究的基础.
相关概念视频
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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
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02:53Ribosomal RNA Synthesis
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
01:27Ribosomes
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
02:53Ribosomal RNA Synthesis
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
01:27Ribosomes
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
01:27Ribosomes
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...