侵袭性的哈雷金母鸟携带生物武器对抗本地竞争对手
Andreas Vilcinskas1, Kilian Stoecker, Henrike Schmidtberg
1Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. andreas.vilcinskas@agrar.uni-giessen.de
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 21, 2013
概括
侵袭性的哈勒金母鸟Harmonia axyridis携带微型子,对本地母鸟是致命的. 这种通过捕食的病原体传播解释了入侵的母鸟如何超越本地物种.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 侵入性物种 生物学 生物学
- 寄生虫学的寄生虫学
背景情况:
- 侵入性物种对环境和经济构成重大威胁.
- 了解成功入侵的机制对于保护至关重要.
- 哈勒金 (Harmonia axyridis) 是一种入侵物种,超越了本地.
研究的目的:
- 调查Harmia axyridis.入侵成功背后的原因.
- 确定导致本土母种群减少的潜在机制.
主要方法:
- 用显微镜检查Harmonia axyridis的寄生虫子.
- 在本地母鸟物种上对分离的微型菌的致病性测试.
- 在入侵和本地母之间分析内掠食动态.
主要成果:
- 哈尔蒙尼亚·阿克西里迪斯 (Harmonia axyridis) 含有丰富的微型胞,与诺塞马·托姆普森尼 (Nosema thompsoni) 有关.
- 这些微型虫对本地Coccinella septempunctata具有致命性,但对侵入性载体没有致命性.
- 在被污染的哈尔蒙尼亚蛋/幼虫上进行的内掠食导致病原体的传播和本地母鸟的死亡.
结论:
- 侵袭性Harmonia axyridis携带的微型菌对本地母鸟起致命的病原体作用.
- 品种内部的掠食活动促进了这些致命的细菌体的传播,导致本地物种的减少.
- 这种寄生机制为Harmonia axyridis的入侵成功提供了一个新的解释.
相关概念视频
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.