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相关概念视频

Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cell Migration01:19

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Probing the Roles of Physical Forces in Early Chick Embryonic Morphogenesis
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组织形态发生和模式形成中的力量.

Carl-Philipp Heisenberg1, Yohanns Bellaïche

  • 1Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria. heisenberg@ist.ac.at

Cell
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

机械力量对于发育至关重要,驱动细胞变化和组织成形. 细胞力量和机械感知的相互作用协调组织形态发生和组织模式.

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科学领域:

  • 发育生物学 发展生物学
  • 细胞力学 细胞力学
  • 组织工程是组织工程.

背景情况:

  • 机械力量在发育过程中显著影响细胞过程,如大小,形状和基因表达.
  • 动氨酸-肌氨酸网络和细胞粘附复合体是关键的自我组织系统,在组织内产生和传递力量.
  • 了解这些力量对于理解组织如何发育和形成模式至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明机械力量在编排组织形态发生和发育过程中的模式中所起的不可或缺的作用.
  • 要突出推动组织形状变化的力量产生和传递的自我组织现象.
  • 探索外在机械力和细胞机械感知如何对发育过程做出贡献.

主要方法:

  • 通过细胞动氨基菌素网络的力量生成的分析.
  • 通过细胞-细胞和细胞-细胞外矩阵粘附复合体对力传递的研究.
  • 检查在发育中的组织中远程力传输和细胞机械感知.
  • 对细胞命运规范和分化的外部机械力量的评估.

主要成果:

  • 机械力直接改变细胞的大小,形状,数量,位置和基因表达.
  • 自组织的actin-myosin网络和粘合复合体驱动组织形态发生.
  • 协调的力传输和机械感知导致大规模的组织形状变化.
  • 外在的机械力调节细胞命运和分化,影响组织模式.

结论:

  • 机械力量是发育过程的基本调节者,影响细胞行为和组织结构.
  • 内在细胞力量和外在机械线索的整合,以及生物化学信号,对于适当的组织形态发生和模式形成至关重要.
  • 进一步研究机械生物学对理解发育障碍和推进再生医学有希望.