通过光化学 [2 + 2] 循环添加进行二碳衍生金属循环的合成后修饰
Ying-Feng Han1, Guo-Xin Jin, F Ekkehardt Hahn
1Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 5, 2013
概括
从金属离子和新型连接体中形成的新分子正方形可以在合成后使用紫外线进行修改. 这一过程产生了循环butan结构,具有从银复合体中恢复带的潜力.
科学领域:
- 有机金属化学 有机金属化学
- 超分子化学 超分子化学
- 摄影化学的使用.
背景情况:
- 金属-合物协调化学使得复杂的超分子结构的构建成为可能.
- 氨酸桥接 bis (((N-异环碳素) 连接物为制造金属超分子结构提供了多功能平台.
- 合成后的修改允许预先形成的分子组件的多样化.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用紫外线辐射启动的 [2+2] 循环添加来研究分子正方形的合成后修饰.
- 探索循环butan桥接双核四基体 (NHC) 复合物的形成.
- 检查金属离子 (Ag(I) 和Au(I)) 和配体替代剂对反应结果的影响.
主要方法:
- 合成olefin桥接 bis (((NHC) 连接体.
- 具有Ag (I) 或Au (I) 离子的分子正方形的自组装.
- 通过紫外线照射进行光化学 [2+2] 循环添加.
- 由此产生的循环butan桥接复合物的特征.
- 结合体释放研究.
主要成果:
- 在紫外线辐射下,分子方块很容易经历合成后的修饰,产生循环布坦桥架双核四基 (NHC) 复合体.
- 甲基 (NHC) 连接体可以从Ag (I) 复合体中释放为甲胺盐.
- 对于Au(I) 复合物,二碳联体上的替代物决定了固态反应的结果.
结论:
- 紫外线启动的 [2+2] 循环添加是一种有效的策略,用于分子正方形的合成后修饰.
- 开发的方法允许合成新型循环butan桥接双核复合体.
- 金属离子和连接物替代物的性质在控制结构结果方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
相关概念视频
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Bridged Bicyclic Products: Stereochemistry
Diels–Alder reactions between cyclic dienes locked in an s-cis configuration and dienophiles yield bridged bicyclic products.
Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction
The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.
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