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相关概念视频

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation, polyethylene glycol...
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 10, 2026

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing
08:51

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing

Published on: March 15, 2019

重塑抗体多样性的重塑

Feng Wang1, Damian C Ekiert, Insha Ahmad

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Cell
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

奶牛拥有独特的抗体,具有超长的CDR H3循环,形成二硫化物结合的小域. 这种由体质突变产生的结构多样性增强了牛的抗体库和抗原识别.

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Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood
13:14

Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood

Published on: February 6, 2018

Single-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations
09:07

Single-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations

Published on: August 22, 2019

相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing
08:51

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing

Published on: March 15, 2019

Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood
13:14

Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood

Published on: February 6, 2018

Single-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations
09:07

Single-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations

Published on: August 22, 2019

科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 结构生物学 结构生物学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 尽管遗传多样性有限,但一些物种表现出强烈的抗体反应.
  • 牛 (Bos taurus) 具有独特的抗体系统,其特点是长CDR H3循环和少数V区域,具有未知的多样性生成机制.

研究的目的:

  • 研究在牛群中产生抗体多样性的背后的机制,重点关注其CDR H3循环的独特特征.
  • 阐明牛抗体中超长CDR H3s的结构基础和功能影响.

主要方法:

  • 牛抗体库的深度测序 牛抗体库的深度测序
  • 确定牛抗体的晶体结构.
  • 对体质高突变模式和子偏差的分析.

主要成果:

  • 牛抗体中的超长CDR H3循环含有众多的囊蛋白,这表明二硫化物结合小域的形成.
  • 晶体结构揭示了一个具有β链"茎"的架构,支持多样化,二硫化物结合的"旋"域.
  • 超长DH段的体质超变异,偏向氨酸,驱动多样性生成.

结论:

  • 牛的免疫系统通过超长的CDR H3产生抗体多样性,这些CDR H3通过体质生成的二硫化物折叠成小域.
  • 这些独特的抗体结构,特别是旋域,可以引起识别特定的抗原.
  • 与其他物种相比,牛类抗体具有独特的结构和产生多样性的机制.