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相关概念视频

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
The Retina01:32

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram01:25

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram

Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...

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Electrophysiological Methods for Measuring Photopigment Levels in Drosophila Photoreceptors
08:09

Electrophysiological Methods for Measuring Photopigment Levels in Drosophila Photoreceptors

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在罗多普辛中解构激活事件.

Elena N Laricheva1, Karunesh Arora, Jennifer L Knight

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 12, 2013
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

罗多素 (Rh) 中E134的质子化与激活过程中螺旋体H6的运动有关. 这种依赖pH的过程显示出E1344.

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科学领域:

  • 生物化学 生物化学
  • 结构生物学 结构生物学
  • 计算生物物理学的计算生物物理学

背景情况:

  • A类G蛋白结合受体 (GPCRs) 在激活过程中经历了显著的结构变化,涉及螺旋间网络重组.
  • 在罗多普辛 (Rh) 中,激活与谷氨酸134 (E134) 的质子化状态相结合,但其确切的作用尚不清楚.
  • 研究毫秒,像E134质子化等pH依赖的过程存在实验性挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明罗多素激活过程中E134质子化背后的结构机制.
  • 为了研究E134质子化状态和螺旋体H6运动之间的相互作用.
  • 完善现有的罗多素激活模型在原子层面.

主要方法:

  • 开发一种计算方案,将和里叶珠 (HFB) 和常数pH分子动力学与基于pH的复制品交换 (pH-REX) 结合起来.
  • 在激活路径上的结构变化的模拟,作为E134质子化的函数.
  • 对螺旋间网络重组和盐桥动态的分析.

主要成果:

  • E134质突是由螺旋体H6.6的~4.0°倾斜和~23°旋转触发的.
  • H6的运动会破坏盐桥 (E247-R135,R135-E134),释放E134并增加其pKa超过生理pH.
  • 增加的局部疏水性进一步促进了H6运动和E134 pKa上升,表明了合机制.

结论:

  • E134质子化开关是罗多素激活过程中H6运动的原因和结果.
  • 这项研究提供了原子层面的洞察力,了解了依赖pH值的激活机制,这种激活机制在实验中并不容易获得.
  • 这些发现完善了罗多普辛激活的序列模型,突出了结构元素的动态相互作用.