通过激活线粒体UPR和FOXO信号传导,NAD(+) /Sirtuin通路调节长寿
Laurent Mouchiroud1, Riekelt H Houtkooper, Norman Moullan
1Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Cell
|July 23, 2013
概括
降低NAD ((+) 影响衰老和寿命. 通过激活应激反应通路,恢复虫中的NAD () +水平可以促进长寿,这表明与年龄相关的衰退的治疗目标.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 尼古丁胺胺氨基二核酸 (NAD(+)) 是代谢恒常的关键辅因子,也是Sirtuin酶的关键基质.
- 在各种生物体中观察到与年龄相关的NAD ((+) 水平下降,包括小鼠和Caenorhabditis elegans.
- 降低的NAD ((+) 水平与寿命缩短和代谢功能障碍有关.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究NAD的作用 (((+) 在衰老和长寿.
- 确定调节NAD ((+) 水平对Caenorhabditis elegans与年龄相关的代谢衰退和寿命的影响.
- 阐明 NAD ((+)) 介导的长寿背后的分子机制.
主要方法:
- 在年轻和老老的小鼠和虫中对NAD () 度进行比较分析.
- 基因操纵和药理干预,以恢复虫中的NAD+水平.
- 评估寿命,新陈代谢参数和分子信号通路 (sir-2.1,UPR,mt,DAF-16).
主要成果:
- 在老鼠和虫中,随着年龄的增长,NAD () 含量会下降.
- 降低NAD ((+) 加剧了与年龄相关的寿命缩短.
- 恢复NAD (((+) 阻止了代谢衰退,并延长了虫的寿命.
- 这些有益作用依赖于sirtuinsir-2.1.
- 恢复NAD(+) 激活了线粒体应激反应,包括线粒体展开蛋白质反应 (UPR(mt)) 和DAF-16/FOXO信号传递.
结论:
- 酸 (NAD) 含量是衰老和长寿的关键调节者.
- 增加NAD ((+) 水平可以抵消与年龄相关的代谢衰退,并促进寿命延长.
- 调节NAD (((+) 水平并激活线粒体压力信号通路,为与年龄相关的疾病提供了潜在的治疗策略.
相关概念视频
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
