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相关概念视频

Hydrolysis01:15

Hydrolysis

Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of disassembly and...

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 9, 2026

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
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Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Published on: May 19, 2019

直接微波辅助的纤维素的热水解聚合.

Jiajun Fan1, Mario De bruyn, Vitaliy L Budarin

  • 1Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 31, 2013
PubMed
概括

微波辐射有效地将微晶纤维素转化为葡萄糖. 该研究提出了一种涉及纤维素的机制.

科学领域:

  • 生物质转换生物质转换
  • 微波化学 微波化学
  • 纤维素的水解,就是纤维素的水解.

背景情况:

  • 微晶纤维素是生物质的关键组成部分.
  • 对生物炼油厂来说,有效地将纤维素转化为诸如葡萄糖之类的有价值产品至关重要.
  • 了解微波辐射与纤维素的相互作用对于优化转化过程至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 系统地研究微波辐射与微晶纤维素的相互作用.
  • 为了阐明控制微波辅助纤维素转换的机制.
  • 解释与葡萄糖产量和选择性相关的实验观测.

主要方法:

  • 微晶纤维素在150至270°C的温度下进行微波辐射.
  • 液体和固体产品的分析使用高性能液体染色学 (HPLC),碳-13核磁共振 ((13) C NMR),里埃转换红外光谱学 (FTIR),CHN元素分析和-交换.
  • 基于实验数据的机械模型的开发.

主要成果:

  • 提出了微波纤维素相互作用的机制,强调了CH2OH组流动性的作用.
  • 发现微波处理的效率,选择性和葡萄糖的产量取决于微波密度.
  • 观察到高葡萄糖与5-基甲基 (HMF) 的比率,受纤维素结晶度的影响.

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Published on: December 12, 2013

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Published on: December 12, 2013

  • 对葡萄糖的最高选择性达到约75%,最大的葡萄糖产量为21%.

    • 结论:

    • 拟议的机制解释了微波辅助纤维素转化中的关键实验观测.
    • 纤维素的CH2OH组的自由度对于相互作用机制至关重要.
    • 微波辐射为纤维素水解提供了一条高效的途径,根据工艺参数和材料特性可调节的选择性和产量.