哺乳动物社会一夫一妻制的演变
1Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. dl384@cam.ac.uk
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 31, 2013
概括
哺乳动物的社会一夫一妻制是从单独的祖先进化而来的,而不是来自高婴儿杀害风险. 父亲的照顾遵循,而不是先行,一夫一妻制,这表明男性无法保护多个女性的交配策略.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 哺乳动物的社会系统
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
背景情况:
- 一个多世纪以来,社会一夫一妻制的进化起源一直在争论中.
- 了解哺乳动物社会性的祖先状态是追踪一夫一妻制演变的关键.
- 以前的假设将一夫一妻制与婴儿杀戮风险和父亲照顾等因素联系在一起.
研究的目的:
- 确定所有哺乳动物群体的祖先社会体系.
- 研究与哺乳动物社会一夫一妻制的演变相关的因素.
- 澄清父亲照顾,婴儿杀戮风险和社会一夫一妻制的出现之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在多种哺乳动物分类中进行了全系遗传学比较分析.
- 重建祖先的社会行为.
- 统计建模用于测试社会特征与环境因素之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 祖先的哺乳动物社会系统是孤独的生活.
- 社会一夫一妻制是一种衍生性质,几乎完全来自单独的祖先.
- 社会一夫一妻制的演变与高男性婴儿杀戮风险没有很强的关联.
- 父亲照顾似乎是社会一夫一妻制的结果,而不是驱动力.
- 社会一夫一妻制是在女性密度低,女性领土性低的环境中发展起来的,男性无法断多个女性.
结论:
- 哺乳动物的社会一夫一妻制主要是从孤独的祖先进化而来的.
- 环境因素,如女性的分布和间隔,是社会一夫一妻制进化的关键驱动力.
- 在社会一夫一妻制的起源中,杀害婴儿和照顾父亲的作用是资源防御策略的次要因素.
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