第三个淋巴细胞系在灯的进化影响
Masayuki Hirano1, Peng Guo, Nathanael McCurley
1Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Road North-East, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
Nature
|August 13, 2013
概括
没有的脊椎动物利用独特的可变淋巴细胞受体 (VLR) 而不是基于免疫球蛋白的受体. 这项研究确定了一种新的T细胞样淋巴细胞系表达VLRC受体,表明古代免疫系统的复杂性.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 脊椎动物动物学 脊椎动物动物学
背景情况:
- 脊椎动物 (gnathostomes) 拥有基于免疫球蛋白超级家族受体 (T细胞和B细胞受体) 的适应性免疫力.
- 没有下的脊椎动物 (cyclostomes),如鱼和鱼,在不同的淋巴细胞群中使用富含白的重复蛋白用于变性淋巴细胞受体 (VLRs),包括VLRA和VLRB.
- 以前的研究发现了VLRA和VLRB,但其他VLR表达性淋巴细胞的存在和功能仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 在没有的脊椎动物中识别和描述新的淋巴细胞系.
- 研究这些新的淋巴细胞的遗传和发育途径.
- 了解脊椎动物适应性免疫系统的进化起源.
主要方法:
- 识别和表征的淋巴细胞表达VLRC受体在循环细胞体.
- 对参与淋巴细胞分化中的基因正义学家的分析. 在gnathostomes和cyclostomes.
- 调查VLR组装和剧目多样化在"胸状"部区域.
主要成果:
- 已经确定了一种表达VLRC受体的T细胞样淋巴细胞的新系.
- 无论是VLRC(+) 还是VLRA(+) 淋巴细胞,都与骨细胞T细胞分化途径 (γδ和αβ T细胞) 共享基因正义基因.
- VLRC和VLRA受体在甲状腺区域进行组装和多样化,并在细胞表面表达.
结论:
- 两个原始T细胞系和一个原型B细胞系的遗传程序可能存在于最后一个共同的脊椎动物祖先 (约5亿年前).
- 独特的T细胞样血统的功能专业化似乎是脊椎动物免疫系统的古老特征.
- 这一发现重新塑造了我们对早期适应性免疫进化的理解.
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