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Newton's Law of Gravitation01:15

Newton's Law of Gravitation

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Our everyday observation tells us that all objects close to the Earth naturally tend to fall to the ground. Early philosophers assumed that this downward force was unique to Earth. By the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) put forward the heliocentric theory, which suggested that Earth and other planets orbited the sun, while the Moon orbited the Earth. However, it was Isaac Newton (1642-1727) who linked these two motions together in the 17th century. He reasoned that the force of...
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Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
This assumption can be proved easily by showing that the expression for gravitational potential energy between a hollow sphere of mass (M) and a point mass (m) is the same as it would be for a pair of extended...
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The gravitational acceleration of an object near the Earth's surface is called the acceleration due to gravity. It can be measured by conducting simple experiments on Earth. However, such an experiment is impossible to conduct on the surface of other planets.
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Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation01:28

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Since all objects on the Earth's surface move through a circle every 24 hours, there must be a net centripetal force on each object, directed towards the center of that circle. The points of the north and south poles are the only exception to this rule.
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An object's apparent weight is its weight measured by a spring balance at its location. It is different from its true weight, the force with which the Earth pulls it, because of the Earth's rotation. Mathematically, an object's apparent weight equals its true weight minus the centripetal force that keeps it in a circular motion along with the Earth's surface every 24 hours.
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Gravitation01:16

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In the years before Newton, a general belief prevailed that different laws governed objects in the sky than objects on Earth. When Kepler wrote down the three laws of planetary motion, explaining in detail the geometrical properties of the planetary orbits around the Sun, there was no immediate idea to discern their connection with more fundamental laws. It was Isaac Newton who, in 1665–66, figured out the connection between planetary motion, the motion of the moon around the Earth, and...
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Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions
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恒星亮度变化与表面重力之间的观测相关性.

Fabienne A Bastien1, Keivan G Stassun, Gibor Basri

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 1807 Station B, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA. fabienne.a.bastien@vanderbilt.edu

Nature
|August 24, 2013
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

现在可以通过分析表面颗粒化引起的恒星亮度变化来更准确地确定表面重力,这是一个重要的恒星属性. 这种方法为类似太阳的恒星提供了比25%更好的精度.

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科学领域:

  • 恒星天体物理学 恒星天体物理学
  • 摄影测量是一种摄影仪.
  • 恒星属性 恒星属性

背景情况:

  • 表面重力是一个基本的恒星参数,但准确的测量仍然具有挑战性.
  • 像光谱学和光度学这样的传统方法的不确定性分别为25-50%和90-150%.
  • 星体地震学提供了高精度 (约. 2%) 但仅限于特定的恒星类型 (巨星) 和较小的样本.

研究的目的:

  • 调查使用恒星颗粒形成的高精度亮度变化来确定表面重力的潜力.
  • 为了在短时间范围内建立表面重力和亮度变化之间的观测相关性.

主要方法:

  • 分析了来自15万多颗恒星的档案数据.
  • 专注于不到8小时的时间尺度上的亮度变化.
  • 颗粒的里埃功率和表面重力之间的相关性分析.

主要成果:

  • 在特定温度 (4,5006,750 K) 和表面重力 (log g: 2.54.5 cgs) 范围内的恒星的表面重力和根平均平方亮度变化之间发现了观测相关性.
  • 这种相关性适用于总体亮度变化最小的恒星 (<0.3%).
  • 该方法对于不活跃的,类似太阳的恒星在主序到巨型进化阶段的精度超过25%.

结论:

  • 由粒度驱动的光学亮度变化提供了一种可行的方法来确定恒星表面的重力.
  • 这种技术为类似太阳的恒星提供了与传统光谱和光度学方法相比更高的精度.
  • 这项研究为精确的恒星参数确定使用随时可用的光度数据开辟了新的途径.