微生物群释放的宿主糖促进了肠道病原体在抗生素后的扩张
Katharine M Ng1, Jessica A Ferreyra, Steven K Higginbottom
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Nature
|September 3, 2013
概括
抗生素的使用破坏了肠道微生物群,允许像沙门氏菌和困难杆菌这样的病原体通过消耗释放的糖来繁荣. 针对这种糖代谢提供了针对肠道感染的新治疗策略.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 人的肠道微生物群保护人免受细菌病原体的侵害.
- 抗生素对微生物群的破坏可能导致肠道病原体的出现.
- 病原体利用微生物群破坏的机制尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究肠道病原体沙门氏菌 (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium)) 和困难菌如何利用抗生素诱导的微生物群衰竭.
- 确定这些病原体在肠道内扩散的常见策略.
主要方法:
- 在 gnotobiotic 和常规小鼠中研究了 S. typhimurium 和 C. difficile.
- 利用缺少碳水化合物催化路径的遗传突变.
- 给药抗生素和外源性酸以评估病原体扩张.
- 测量了粘膜中的碳水化合物可用性和病原体基因表达.
主要成果:
- 无论是S. typhimurium还是C. difficile都利用微生物群释放的粘膜碳水化合物 (糖,酸) 来进行肠道扩张.
- 这些代谢途径的遗传破坏损害了病原体的竞争力.
- 抗生素治疗增加了自由酸,有利于C. difficile和S. typhimurium.
- 缺酸酶的细菌减少了自由酸,阻碍了C. difficile的扩散.
结论:
- 肠道病原体利用抗生素诱导的肠道碳水化合物可用性的变化.
- 粘膜碳水化合物的催化是病原体扩散的共同策略.
- 针对病原体的碳水化合物代谢,为抗生素相关的肠道感染提供了潜在的治疗途径.
相关概念视频
01:29Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
1.3K
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
1.3K
01:22Probiotics
296
Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
296
01:27The Oral Microbiota
90
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
90
01:27Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine
77
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
77
01:27Microbiota of the Large Intestine
98
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
98
01:18Functions of the Gut Microbiota
233
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
233