相关实验视频
Updated: May 7, 2026
10:41
Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers
Published on: June 24, 2019
细菌基因中N端代码子偏差的原因和影响
Daniel B Goodman1, George M Church, Sriram Kosuri
1Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 28, 2013
概括
在基因开始时使用罕见的编码子可以显著提高蛋白质的产生. 这种效应是由于RNA结构的减少,而不是编码子本身的稀有性,提供了一种优化基因表达的新方法.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 生物技术是生物技术.
背景情况:
- 的选择显著影响蛋白质表达水平.
- 罕见的密码子经常在整个生物体的基因的N端发现,但原因和后果仍在争论中.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究N端罕见编码子对大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli) 基因表达的影响.
- 为了确定驱动与N终端编码子使用相关的表达变化的潜在机制.
- 探索优化异质基因表达的应用.
主要方法:
- 在大肠杆菌中构建和分析了超过14000个合成基因记者.
- 个体N端代码子所影响的表达水平的量化.
- 评估RNA结构和子稀有性作为影响表达的因素.
主要成果:
- N-终端稀有编码子增加了基因表达的中位数为4倍,达到14倍.
- 特定的N-终端编码子被证明会影响表达,塑造自然的基因序列.
- 减少的RNA二次结构,而不是本身的编码子稀有性,被确定为表达增强的主要驱动因素.
结论:
- N端代码子偏差在调节蛋白质表达方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 在N端减少的RNA结构是增加表达的关键.
- 这一发现为增强细菌中异质蛋白质生产提供了实用策略.
相关概念视频
03:06From DNA to Protein
The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
01:31Translation
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
01:31Translation
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
01:25The Central Dogma
Overview
01:20The Central Dogma
The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
02:46Genome Copying Errors
DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.