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火星的盖尔火山口的好奇心:岩巢沙影的特征和分析
D F Blake1, R V Morris, G Kocurek
1National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. david.blake@nasa.gov
概括
火星上的岩巢岩层沉积物与火星探测车 (MER) 发现的材料有相似之处. 它的组成表明其基岩起源,并拥有关键的挥发性物质,表明类似的火星材料广泛传播.
科学领域:
- 行星科学 行星科学
- 天文地质学 天文地质学
- 火星的探索火星的探索
背景情况:
- 岩沉积物是行星表面上风吹的地质特征.
- 以前的火星探索探测器 (MERs) 分析了玄武岩土和太阳层特征.
- 了解火星土壤成分对于评估过去的可居住性和地质过程至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了描述岩巢岩石岩层沉积物的矿物学和化学组成.
- 为了将Rocknest的成分与MERs先前分析的材料进行比较.
- 推断火星上的玄武岩材料的起源和分布.
主要方法:
- 来自Rocknest热带岩层沉积物的沙子大小颗粒 (<150微米) 的分析.
- 通过X射线衍射和化学分析来确定晶体和无形材料的分量.
- 使用火星样本分析 (SAM) 仪器识别挥发性化合物.
主要成果:
- 岩巢砂由约55%的晶体材料 (基岩遗产) 和45%的X射线无形材料组成.
- 无形成分富含铁,缺乏,含有挥发性物质 (水,氧,二氧化硫,二氧化碳,).
- 确定了一种细粒度的纳米相氧化物成分,类似于在MER分析的玄武岩土中发现的成分.
结论:
- 岩巢矿床的组成与其基岩起源相一致.
- 在古塞夫火山口,梅里迪亚尼平原和盖尔火山口中发现类似的材料表明,这些材料要么来自本地,要么是全球类似的玄武岩材料,要么是广泛分布的玄武岩成分.
- 这些发现暗示了火星地质和土壤材料的共同地质遗产和沉积过程.
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