气味受体和神经元用于DEET和新的驱虫剂
Pinky Kain1, Sean Michael Boyle, Sana Khalid Tharadra
11] Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA [2].
Nature
|October 4, 2013
概括
科学家们在果中发现了一种新的受体,Ir40a,可以检测DEET. 这一发现导致了对抗蚊子有效的天然,安全和负担得起的驱虫剂的识别.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 昆虫学 昆虫学是一门学科.
- 化学生物学 化学生物学
背景情况:
- 开发有效的驱虫剂对于公共卫生至关重要,但由于未知的嗅觉受体和高安全性测试成本,鉴定DEET的替代品是具有挑战性的.
- 在DEET的驱逐作用的基础上,精确的机制和涉及的特定嗅觉受体仍然在很大程度上未被描述.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定负责昆虫中DEET诱导的排斥性的嗅觉受体.
- 为了发现新,安全和成本效益高的昆虫驱虫化合物.
主要方法:
- 利用Drosophila melanogaster作为一种模型生物来识别DEET敏感神经元及其相关的嗅觉受体.
- 采用了超过40万种化合物的大规模计算结构-活性关系屏幕来识别潜在的驱逐剂候选者.
- 在Drosophila和蚊子身上使用已识别的化合物进行行为测试.
主要成果:
- 鉴定了Drosophila天线囊中的DEET敏感神经元,表达了高度保守的Ir40a受体.
- 沉默Ir40a表达神经元或击倒Ir40a消除了在中避免DEET.
- 一个计算屏幕识别了100多种天然化合物作为潜在的驱逐剂,其中几个激活了Ir40a(+) 神经元并证明了Drosophila和蚊子中的驱逐活性.
- 候选驱逐剂是不溶于塑料的,价格实惠的,具有轻微的葡萄味道,三种被认为是人类食品消费的安全.
结论:
- Ir40a受体是调解Drosophila中DEET的嗅觉排斥的一个关键组成部分.
- 这项研究为开发新一代天然化合物衍生的昆虫驱虫剂开辟了道路.
- 已识别的驱虫剂为全球打击昆虫传播疾病提供了一个有希望的,安全的和具有成本效益的战略.
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