野生鱼种群中罕见的雄性在交配方面具有优势
Kimberly A Hughes1, Anne E Houde, Anna C Price
1Department of Biological Science, 319 Stadium Drive, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.
Nature
|November 1, 2013
概括
负频率依赖选择 (NFDS) 维持了 (Poecilia reticulata) 颜色模式中的遗传多样性. 具有独特图案的罕见雄性熊猫具有更高的生殖健康,通过性选择和掠食来证明NFDS.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
背景情况:
- 保持遗传多样性对于物种适应和生存至关重要.
- 高水平的遗传多样性在诸如鱼雄性颜色模式等特征中挑战了简单的人口遗传模型.
- 负频率依赖选择 (NFDS) 是一种维持多形态的拟议机制,其中偏好罕见变体.
研究的目的:
- 实验性地研究NFDS在维持雄性熊猫 (Poecilia reticulata) 极端色彩模式多样性的作用.
- 为了确定罕见的男性色彩模式是否在自然种群中赋予更高的生殖健康.
- 为了识别驱动NFDS的选择性代理,在鱼颜色图案中.
主要方法:
- 对天然鱼种群进行了高度复制的实验操纵.
- 在实验群体中改变了男性颜色模式的频率.
- 测量男性生殖成功 (获得伴侣,生育后代) 和生存率.
主要成果:
- 与普通男性相比,具有罕见色彩图案的雄性表现出明显更高的生殖健康.
- 罕见的雄性获得了更多的伴侣,并产生了更多的后代,证实了通过性选择调解的NFDS.
- 罕见的男性的生存率也更高,色色彩在一个人群中影响了生殖成功.
结论:
- 由性选择 (伴侣选择) 和捕食驱动的NFDS是维持雄性鱼颜色模式中的遗传和表型多样性的关键机制.
- 对基因型频率的实验操纵对于发现多样性的生态和行为驱动因素是有效的.
- 这些发现有助于理解维持自然种群遗传变异的进化过程.
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