上古石器时代的西伯利亚基因组揭示了美洲原住民的双重祖先
Maanasa Raghavan1, Pontus Skoglund2, Kelly E Graf3
11] Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark [2].
Nature
|November 22, 2013
概括
最古老的古人类基因组揭示了第一美洲人有重要的祖先来自古西伯利亚人,不仅仅是东亚人. 这种古老的基因流动发生在美洲原住民在新世界多样化之前.
科学领域:
- 古遗传学是古遗传学的一部分.
- 人类起源的人类起源
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
背景情况:
- 第一个美国人的遗传起源是有争议的,目前的理解表明与东亚人的密切关系.
- 然而,与美洲原住民最密切相关的特定旧世界人口仍然未被确定.
研究的目的:
- 通过测序古代个体的基因组来调查第一美洲人的遗传起源.
- 确定美洲土著人口的祖先组成部分及其与旧世界人口的关系.
主要方法:
- 一个24,000年前的西伯利亚个体 (MA-1) 的基因组测序.
- 对线粒体DNA (mtDNA),Y染色体和自体DNA的分析.
- 古代DNA与全球现代人类人口的比较.
主要成果:
- MA-1基因组属于U单元组,并具有Y染色体的基底向西欧亚人和美国土著血统的根部附近.
- 自体DNA显示,MA-1是西欧亚洲人的基础,与美洲原住民密切相关,与东亚人没有密切的亲和关系.
- 估计14-38%的美洲原住民祖先起源于与MA-1相关的种群的基因流动,发生在新世界多样化之前.
结论:
- 古代西伯利亚人与西欧亚洲人有关,在24,000年前比以前认为的更为广泛.
- 美国原住民的西欧亚洲遗传特征源自古老的混合物,而不仅仅是哥伦布后的基因流动.
- 这种古老的混合物可能解释了在一些早期的美国头骨中观察到的非东亚形态特征.
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