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相关概念视频

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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相关实验视频

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Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique
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通过DNA介导的纳米粒子结晶成沃尔夫多面体.

Evelyn Auyeung1, Ting I N G Li1, Andrew J Senesi2

  • 11] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [2] International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.

Nature
|November 29, 2013
PubMed
概括

通过使用非常缓慢的冷却,以DNA引导的纳米粒子结晶产生可预测的沃尔夫平衡晶体结构. 这种方法模仿了原子结晶,克服了控制纳米粒子晶体习惯和对称性的挑战.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 纳米技术纳米技术
  • 生物物理学的生物物理.

背景情况:

  • 由于分子相互作用和溶剂效应,预测分子结晶是复杂的.
  • 纳米粒子结晶通常依赖于不受控制的干燥和沉技术.
  • 通过DNA介导的组装为控制的纳米粒子结晶提供了一个潜在的途径.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究可预测的晶体形成的DNA引导纳米粒子结晶.
  • 为了确定DNA导向组装是否可以实现平衡水晶结构.
  • 建立一种控制纳米粒子晶体习惯和对称性的方法.

主要方法:

  • 使用互补的DNA修饰纳米粒子.
  • 通过系统的化温度实现非常缓慢的冷却过程 (几天).
  • 使用理论预测和分子动力学模拟分析纳米粒子组件.

主要成果:

  • 在纳米粒子组件中实现了特定和统一的晶体习惯.
  • 观察到的沃尔夫平衡晶体结构,与理论预测保持一致.
  • 证明了DNA杂交可以直接纳米粒子组装模仿原子结晶.

结论:

  • 经过DNA修饰的纳米颗粒的非常缓慢冷却会导致热力学稳定的晶体.
  • DNA引导组装为纳米粒子结晶提供了可控制的途径.
  • 这种方法提供了一条在纳米材料中设计所需晶体结构的途径.