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相关概念视频

Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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相关实验视频

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Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice
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微生物群调节与神经发育障碍相关的行为和生理异常.

Elaine Y Hsiao1, Sara W McBride2, Sophia Hsien2

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

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概括

这项研究表明,肠道细菌在自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的小鼠模型中影响大脑功能. 用Bacteroides fragilis治疗小鼠改善了肠道健康,并减少了类似ASD的行为,这表明潜在的益生菌疗法.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 微生物学 微生物学
  • 胃肠病学 胃肠病学

背景情况:

  • 神经发育障碍,如自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD),以行为障碍为特征.
  • 胃肠道 (GI) 异常经常在ASD患者中观察到.
  • 母亲免疫激活 (MIA) 鼠标模型表现出ASD和胃肠道问题的特征.

研究的目的:

  • 在ASD的MIA小鼠模型中研究肠道-微生物组-大脑轴.
  • 在这个模型中评估 Bacteroides fragilis 对肠道和行为异常的治疗潜力.

主要方法:

  • 使用了MIA鼠标模型,表现出类似ASD的特征.
  • 用于口服的 Bacteroides fragilis 给 MIA 的后代.
  • 评估了胃肠道屏障功能,肠道微生物群组成,血清代谢和行为表型.

主要成果:

  • MIA小鼠表现出胃肠道屏障缺陷和改变的肠道微生物群.
  • 治疗Bacteroides fragilis纠正了肠道透性和调节了微生物组成.
  • 施用B.fragilis改善了MIA后代的沟通,刻板印象,焦虑和感官运动行为.
  • 代谢分析揭示了由B. fragilis调节的MIA诱导的变化,其中一种代谢物与行为变化有关.

结论:

  • 这些发现支持ASD小鼠模型中的肠道微生物组-大脑连接.
  • 在神经发育障碍中,Bacteroides fragilis显示出作为治疗胃肠道和行为症状的益生菌疗法的潜力.