脂酶D3基因中的罕见编码变异会导致阿尔茨海默病的风险
Carlos Cruchaga1,2, Celeste M Karch1,2, Sheng Chih Jin1
1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Nature
|December 17, 2013
概括
在PLD3基因中的一种罕见变异显著增加了晚发性阿尔茨海默病 (LOAD) 的风险. 这一发现突显了PLD3在阿尔茨海默病病理学和APP处理中的作用.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 已经确定了与晚发性阿尔茨海默病 (LOAD) 相关的常见变异,但这些通常具有较小的影响.
- 预计低频编码变体,通常被GWAS遗漏,会包含功能变体,对疾病风险可能有更大的影响.
研究的目的:
- 识别具有对负载风险显著影响的低频编码变体.
- 为了研究脂酶D3 (PLD3) 基因在阿尔茨海默氏病的发病过程中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在14个大型LOAD家族中进行了全外组测序 (WES).
- 候选变异在多个大型LOAD病例控制数据集中进行了后续分析.
- 进行了基因负担分析和功能研究 (基因表达,蛋白质水平).
主要成果:
- 一种罕见的PLD3变种 (Val232Met) 在家庭中与疾病分离,在超过11000个人的LOAD风险增加了一倍.
- 发现多个PLD3变异在欧洲和非洲裔美国人中增加了阿尔茨海默病的风险.
- 在阿尔茨海默病的大脑中,PLD3的表达减少,并且该基因影响粉样蛋白前体蛋白 (APP) 处理,影响Aβ42和Aβ40水平.
结论:
- 在PLD3中的编码变体使LOAD的风险增加了两倍.
- PLD3在APP处理中起着至关重要的作用,并与阿尔茨海默病有关.
- 密集受影响的家庭对于识别复杂疾病的罕见,高影响的遗传变异非常有价值.
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