饮食迅速和可重复地改变了人类肠道微生物群
Lawrence A David1, Corinne F Maurice2, Rachel N Carmody2
11] FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
Nature
|December 17, 2013
概括
人的肠道微生物组随着短期的动物或植物性饮食而迅速变化,改变了微生物结构和基因表达. 这种饮食转变会影响微生物的活动,并可以将短暂的食物传播微生物引入肠道.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 人类肠道微生物组研究研究
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 长期的饮食塑造了人类肠道微生物组的结构和活动.
- 肠道微生物组对短期宏观营养素变化的快速和可重复的反应还不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究如何短期消费动物性与植物性饮食影响人类肠道微生物群的结构和功能.
- 为了确定饮食变化是否可以压倒微生物基因表达的个体间变异.
主要方法:
- 人类参与者在短时间内食用动物性或植物性饮食.
- 分析了微生物社区结构和基因表达.
- 量化了特定微生物群体的丰富性和活性.
主要成果:
- 短期的动物或植物性饮食显著改变了肠道微生物社区结构.
- 基于动物的饮食促进了胆汁耐受性细菌 (例如Alistipes,Bilophila,Bacteroides) 和减少了聚糖代谢的Firmicutes.
- 微生物活动反映了对碳水化合物和蛋白质发酵的适应,并且发生了食物传播微生物的短暂殖民.
结论:
- 人的肠道微生物群对短期的饮食大营养素变化表现出快速而显著的反应.
- 饮食干预可以深刻地影响肠道微生物的组成和功能,可能会影响宿主健康.
- 研究结果表明,动物性饮食,胆汁酸和与炎症相关的微生物的繁殖之间存在联系.
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