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形态演变中的神秘变异:HSP90作为洞穴鱼眼睛丧失的电容器

Nicolas Rohner¹, Dan F Jarosz, Johanna E Kowalko

¹Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 17, 2013

概括

热冲击蛋白90 (HSP90) 掩盖了洞穴鱼隐藏的眼睛大小变化. 抑制HSP90或洞穴条件暴露了这种变异,揭示了它在眼睛损失演变中的作用.

科学领域:

进化生物学是进化的生物学.
发育遗传学的发展遗传学.
分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

隐秘的遗传变异在推动进化变化的作用是进化生物学中的一个关键问题.
已知热冲击蛋白90 (HSP90) 影响表型变异和发育,但其在自然进化环境中的作用不太清楚.

研究的目的:

为了调查HSP90是否掩盖了表面居住的Astyanax mexicanus眼睛大小的基因变异.
为了确定这种蒙面变异是否可以暴露和选择,以推动形态进化,特别是眼睛的缩小.

主要方法:

通过使用化学抑制剂和模拟表面生活鱼类的洞穴条件 (升高的温度) 来抑制HSP90功能.
现型变化,特别是眼睛大小,在对HSP90调节的反应中得到量化.
进行了选择实验,以评估暴露变异的可演变性.

主要成果:

HSP90抑制和模拟的洞穴条件都揭示了水面鱼的眼睛大小的变化.
这种没有面具的变异是遗传的,并且受到选择的影响,导致眼睛尺寸减少.
在两种实验条件下都显示出相同的表型变异,这表明了保留机制.

结论:

被HSP90掩盖的神秘遗传变异在洞穴鱼眼睛损失的进化中发挥了重要作用.
HSP90充当了形态进化的电容器,揭示并促进了自然环境中预先存在的变异的选择.

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