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相关概念视频

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts
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从享有特权的体细胞状态进行非静态重编程.

Shangqin Guo1, Xiaoyuan Zi2, Vincent P Schulz3

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Cell
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

科学家们发现了一种特殊的细胞状态,使体细胞重编程到多能性变得更快,更非随机. 这一突破通过识别和利用这些具有超快速细胞周期的特权细胞来加速诱导的多能性.

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In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors
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De Novo Generation of Somatic Stem Cells by YAP/TAZ
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In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors
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De Novo Generation of Somatic Stem Cells by YAP/TAZ
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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 发育生物学 发展生物学
  • 干细胞研究 干细胞研究

背景情况:

  • 使用Yamanaka因子将体细胞重新编程到诱导多能性 (iPSC) 通常是缓慢和低效的.
  • 这个过程被广泛认为是随机的,这意味着它是随机发生的.
  • 识别提高重编程效率的因素对于治疗应用至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 识别特定的体细胞状态,以促进非随机重编程.
  • 研究细胞循环速度在重编程过程中的作用.
  • 为了确定重编程瓶是否可以通过准细胞周期动态来克服.

主要方法:

  • 利用小鼠造血原体和小鼠胚胎纤维细胞 (MEFs) 来进行重编程实验.
  • 用于诱导多能性的Yamanaka因子表达式.
  • 分析了细胞周期持续时间和多能性获得率.
  • 研究了p53淘汰对重编程效率和细胞循环速度的影响.

主要成果:

  • 在表现出超快速细胞循环的造血原体和纤维细胞中确定了一个"特权"的体细胞状态 (约. 8个小时).
  • 这些特权细胞的后代在4-5次分裂后以非静态的方式主要获得多能性.
  • 在6天的因子表达后,纤维细胞中出现了一个超快的循环亚群,p53敲击显著增强.
  • 这种超快的骑自行车的人群负责超过99%的批量重编程活动.

结论:

  • 通过隔离或诱导特权细胞状态,可以克服体细胞重编程的随机性.
  • 加快细胞循环的进展到关键值是重编程效率的一个关键瓶.
  • 针对细胞周期动态提供了一个有前途的策略,以增强诱导的多能性及其治疗潜力.