全球保护成果取决于海洋保护区的五个关键特征
Graham J Edgar1, Rick D Stuart-Smith1, Trevor J Willis2
1Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
Nature
|February 7, 2014
概括
海洋保护区 (MPA) 显示出更大的保护效益,其关键特征包括禁止捕获和强有力的执法. 有效的海洋保护区与捕捞区相比,显著增加了鱼类生物质和鱼种群.
科学领域:
- 海洋保护 海洋保护
- 渔业管理 渔业管理
- 保护生物多样性 保护生物多样性
背景情况:
- 为了实现保护目标,全球海洋保护区 (MPA) 正在增加.
- 然而,它们的社会经济效益和生态效益往往是有争议的,难以预测的.
- 由于非法捕捞,监管不足,规模不足或息地连接不足,MPA的表现可能不佳.
研究的目的:
- 调查增强海洋保护区保护效益的关键特征.
- 将海洋保护区的生态状况与渔业区进行比较,以量化渔业的影响.
- 为未来的MPA设计和管理策略提供信息,以实现最佳的生物多样性保护.
主要方法:
- 全球87个海洋保护区的生态数据分析.
- 鱼类生物量,物种丰富度和鱼生物量在有效的海洋保护区和渔业沿海地区的比较.
- 确定有助于MPA有效性的关键特征:不采取,执法,年龄,大小和隔离.
主要成果:
- 随着五个关键特征的积累,MPA的保护效益呈指数级增长 (不采用,强制执行,老,大,孤立).
- 有效的海洋保护区 (4-5个特征) 与捕捞区相比,总鱼类生物量,大型鱼类物种丰富度,大型鱼类生物量和鱼生物量显著增加.
- 大多数海洋保护区 (59%) 只有1-2个特征,并且在生态上与捕捞地点没有区别,这表明普遍存在不良表现.
结论:
- 海洋保护区的有效性在很大程度上取决于设计特征,而不仅仅是区域覆盖范围.
- 实现保护目标需要优先考虑强大的MPA设计,有效管理和合规性.
- 目前仅基于面积的全球目标可能无法充分保护海洋生物多样性.
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