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相关概念视频

Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

6.3K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
6.3K
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

128.6K
Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
128.6K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

5.6K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
5.6K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.0K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.0K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

22.5K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
22.5K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

3.1K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.1K

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 3, 2026

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
14:49

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions

Published on: April 23, 2011

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染色体间的通信坐标是基因基因之间的内在随机表达.

Robert J Johnston1, Claude Desplan

  • 1Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 8, 2014
PubMed
概括

个体基因拷贝做出随机选择,但通信以确保协调表达. 这种随机基因调节使得Drosophila眼中的神经元亚型多样化.

科学领域:

  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 神经元亚型的多样化对于感官系统的功能至关重要.
  • 随机基因表达在产生细胞多样性方面发挥着关键作用.
  • 在Drosophila R7光受体中,无脊椎 (Ss) 基因是随机亚型确定的一个例子.

研究的目的:

  • 为了阐明在静态无脊椎 (Ss) 基因表达的基础上的分子机制.
  • 研究个体基因等位基因如何做出独立的随机决策.
  • 了解Ss等位基因之间的通信,以便协调表达.

主要方法:

  • 分析控制SS表达的远程调节元件 (增强器和沉声器).
  • 通过上调和下调监管机制,研究异质间交叉交谈.
  • 在Ss调节中评估染色体定位和配对独立性.

主要成果:

  • 每个ss等位基因的随机表达是由单个增强剂和两个长距离起作用的消声器控制的.
  • 交叉基因交叉交谈介于两个ss基因基因之间的平均表达频率.
  • 长距离调节发生的独立于特定的染色体定位或配对.

更多相关视频

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
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Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

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相关实验视频

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Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
14:49

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions

Published on: April 23, 2011

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Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
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Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

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结论:

  • 个别的ss基因基因基因基因做出独立的,随机的开启/关闭决定.
  • 染色体间的通信协调了等位基因之间的表达状态.
  • 这种协调的随机表达式确保在R7光受体的随机子集中选择统一的亚型.