一个单一的低能耗,缺乏铁的超新星是恒星SMSS J031300.36-670839.3中的金属来源
S C Keller1, M S Bessell1, A Frebel2
1Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Cotter Road, Weston, Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia.
Nature
|February 11, 2014
概括
早期的恒星是由少数低能超新星丰富的气体形成的,而不是巨大的超新星. 一颗恒星,SMSS J031300.36-670839.3,没有铁,表明一个单一的低能超新星事件播下了它的元素.
科学领域:
- 天文学和天体物理学
- 恒星进化 恒星进化
- 太空化学 太空化学
背景情况:
- 早期宇宙的组成对于理解恒星形成和星系演变至关重要.
- 之前的模型表明,第一个恒星是巨大的,导致通过对不稳定的超新星来丰富铁.
- 早期超新星的铁产量及其对随后恒星形成的影响仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 通过分析极度金属贫乏恒星的元素丰度来研究第一个超新星的性质.
- 为了确定早期的恒星是否被单个或多个超新星事件丰富.
- 为了限制第一个超新星的特性,特别是它们的能量输出和铁产量.
主要方法:
- 在四颗质量较低,极度金属贫乏的恒星中分析元素丰度比率.
- 对恒星SMSS J031300.36-670839.3.3进行了详细的光谱分析.
- 观察到的丰度模式与理论超新星产量模型的比较.
主要成果:
- 四颗低质量恒星显示了最多几颗,可能是一颗低能超新星的丰富证据.
- 在SMSS J031300.36-670839.3中,没有可检测的铁,其上限为太阳丰度的10~7.1倍.
- 这颗恒星的丰富度模式与来自~60太阳质量恒星的单个超新星的丰富度一致,留下了一个黑洞.
结论:
- 低能量的超新星在早期宇宙中很可能是常见的.
- 这些超新星以轻元素丰富了气体,但对铁的贡献微不足道.
- 来自低能超新星的减少的恒星反可能促进了第一代恒星形成的延长,并在宇宙再电离和银河系化学进化中发挥了作用.
更多相关视频
14:53In Situ Detection and Single Cell Quantification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nuclear Microprobe Analysis
Published on: February 3, 2018
6.7K
06:52Experimental Column Setup for Studying Anaerobic Biogeochemical Interactions Between Iron OxyHydroxides, Trace Elements, and Bacteria
Published on: December 19, 2017
6.9K
相关概念视频
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview
3.0K
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
3.0K
Emission Spectra
65.1K
When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
65.1K
Nuclear Transmutation
12.9K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
12.9K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab
873
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
873
Nuclear Fusion
33.2K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
33.2K
Ferromagnetism
2.8K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.8K
