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黑色素体进化表明,在羽毛恐龙中发生了关键的生理转变.
Quanguo Li1, Julia A Clarke2, Ke-Qin Gao3
1State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
Nature
|February 14, 2014
概括
黑色素体的多样性随着马尼拉普托类恐龙和哺乳动物的状羽毛增加,将形状与颜色联系起来. 这与爬行动物和早期恐龙的覆盖物形成鲜明对比,表明颜色发育中的融合进化.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 生物矿物化 生物矿物化
背景情况:
- 灭绝的动物的色彩推断依赖于现代鸟类的黑色素体形态学.
- 黑色素体多样性的进化历史与羽毛和头发等体结构一起是不清楚的.
研究的目的:
- 调查黑色素体形态的演变及其与胚胎细胞颜色的关系.
- 确定黑色素体多样性相对于羽毛和其他皮层结构的起源何时增加.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自181种现存的羊物种和13种化石标本 (,乌,恐龙,龙) 的黑色素体.
- 检查了来自中国的上罗纪和下白纪化石.
- 相关的黑色素体形态与现存种群的颜色数据.
主要成果:
- 黑色素体形态多样性的急剧增加发生在马尼拉普托龙的恐龙中状羽毛的起源附近.
- 哺乳动物也表现出更大的黑色素体多样性比ectothermic羊.
- 黑色素体形式与哺乳动物和恐龙的颜色相关,使潜在的颜色重建成为可能.
- 在,乌,鱼和早期的类动物 (恐龙原羽毛,类动物皮克诺纤维) 的有限的黑色素体多样性与颜色没有相关性.
结论:
- 哺乳动物和鸟类的黑色皮质素系统的融合进化可能解释了相关的黑色素体形状和颜色.
- 这个系统影响着色彩和新陈代谢率,这可能表明马尼拉普托拉恐龙的生理变化.
- 颜色重建是可行的衍生 maniraptoran 恐龙和哺乳动物,但不是早期的 archosaur integuments.
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