GPR56的进化动态替代拼接调节了区域大脑皮层模式
Byoung-Il Bae1, Ian Tietjen, Kutay D Atabay
1Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
概括
一个GPR56基因调节元件的突变破坏了人类大脑的发育,特别影响了语言区域. 这一发现揭示了新皮层的进化和大脑形成中的基因调节.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发育生物学 发展生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 人类新皮质中专门的功能区域的形成尚未得到充分理解.
- GPR56 (G蛋白结合受体56) 对于皮质正常发育至关重要,并且在皮质原生细胞中表达.
- GPR56的表达水平会影响原生细胞的增殖.
研究的目的:
- 研究GPR56调节元件中的特定突变对人类皮质发育的作用.
- 了解这种突变如何影响基因表达和转录因子结合.
- 探索对新皮层进化的影响.
主要方法:
- 在GPR56调控元件中发现了15个基对删除突变.
- 分析了突变对人类皮质GPR56表达的影响.
- 研究了RFX转录因子结合的破坏.
- 在物种之间比较GPR56拼接形式和调节元素.
主要成果:
- 突变选择性地破坏了围绕西尔维亚裂的人类皮质,包括布罗卡的区域.
- 这种干扰是由改变区域GPR56表达和阻断RFX转录因子结合引起的.
- GPR56拼接形式和调节元素在小鼠和人类之间显示出显著的差异.
- 旋脑哺乳动物中的调节元件指导受限制的横向皮层表达.
结论:
- 通过替代促进体对GPR56表达模式的控制影响干细胞的增殖和大脑折叠 (状模式).
- 这种机制可能在新皮层的进化中发挥作用.
- 这项研究揭示了区域新皮层发育和进化背后的分子机制.
相关概念视频
Alternative RNA Splicing
20.5K
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
20.5K
Alternative RNA Splicing
4.2K
4.2K
RNA Splicing
53.3K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
53.3K
RNA Splicing
15.9K
15.9K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing
6.6K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
The chromatin structure, especially...
6.6K
Exon Recombination
3.1K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.1K


