蜜蜂和大蜂之间的疾病关联对野生授粉者构成威胁
M A Fürst1, D P McMahon2, J L Osborne3
11] Royal Holloway University of London, School of Biological Sciences, Bourne Building, Egham TW20 0EX, UK [2] IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
Nature
|February 21, 2014
概括
蜜蜂 (蜜蜂) 中新出现的传染病 (EID) 传播到像大黄蜂这样的野生授粉者. 管理蜜蜂病原体对于保护野生蜂群和生态系统服务至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 病原体的传播 病原体的传播
- 授粉者健康 授粉者健康
背景情况:
- 新兴传染病 (EID) 威胁着管理和野生授粉者,影响生态系统服务,如作物授粉.
- 蜜蜂 (Apis mellifera) 对各种病原体敏感,需要养蜂人积极管理.
- 野生授粉者减少,例如大黄蜂 (Bombus spp. ),可能与经营蜜蜂的病原体溢出有关.
研究的目的:
- 调查蜜蜂在更广泛的授粉者群体中的EIDs的流行和传播情况.
- 为了确定管理的蜜蜂是否会作为影响野生授粉者的病原体的储存库.
- 评估跨物种病原体传播在野生授粉者减少中的作用.
主要方法:
- 进行感染实验,研究病原体动态.
- 分析了关于授粉者健康的景观规模现场数据.
- 使用分子技术在不同蜜蜂物种中识别病原体菌株.
主要成果:
- 蜜蜂EIDs,包括变形翼病毒 (DWV) 和Nosema ceranae,在授粉者组合中普遍存在.
- 在蜜蜂和大蜂中DWV流行之间存在显著的联系.
- 在蜜蜂和对应性大蜂中发现了相同的DWV菌株,表明蜜蜂是可能的来源.
结论:
- 被管理的蜜蜂是野生授粉者新兴传染病的重要来源.
- 被管理的授粉者传播的病原体对野生蜜蜂种群和生物多样性构成威胁.
- 加强对蜜蜂病原体的管理对于保护野生授粉者和他们提供的生态系统服务至关重要.
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