使用疫苗作为探针来定义疾病负担
Daniel R Feikin1, J Anthony G Scott2, Bradford D Gessner3
1International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 21, 2014
概括
疫苗探针研究通过比较接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的群体来揭示疾病负担. 这种方法强调了疫苗的公共卫生价值,即使是那些效率较低的疫苗,通过量化可预防的疾病.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 传统的疫苗研究侧重于疗效和有效性.
- 疫苗探针研究为疾病表征提供了一个补充的方法.
- 了解疾病负担对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 探索疫苗探针研究在特征疾病的实用性.
- 展示疫苗探针研究如何为公共卫生政策提供信息.
- 突出疫苗探针方法的更广泛应用的潜力.
主要方法:
- 比较疫苗接种人群与未接种人群的疾病发病率.
- 将疾病负担的差异归因于疫苗特定的病原体.
- 分析疫苗可预防疾病的负担,以证明公共卫生倡议的合理性.
主要成果:
- 疫苗探针研究可以量化疫苗对公共卫生的影响.
- 即使是低效率的疫苗也可以在高发病率环境中显示出显著的影响.
- 现有研究已经对Haemophilus influenzae b型,肺炎球菌,轮状病毒和婴儿流感进行了鉴定.
结论:
- 疫苗探针研究是疾病特征和公共卫生评估的宝贵工具.
- 这种方法可以证明疫苗的引入是合理的,即使疫苗的疗效是适度的.
- 在流行病学中的扩大使用可以定义疟疾,伤寒和登革热等疾病的负担.
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