寄生虫和猎物之间的致命相互作用增加了热带社区的利基多样性
Marty A Condon1, Sonja J Scheffer, Matthew L Lewis
1Department of Biology, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, IA 52314, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 15, 2014
概括
新热带地区的及其寄生虫黄蜂表现出极端的专业化. 尽管宿主植物表面上有明显的利基重叠,但分子数据透露了通过宿主-寄生虫相互作用隐藏的利基分区.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 昆虫学 昆虫学是一门学科.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 草食昆虫及其自然敌人经常表现出生态专业化.
- 新热带 (Blepharoneura) 和它们的寄生虫黄蜂 (寄生虫) 呈现出极端专业化的悖论,以及宿主植物中明显的利基重叠.
研究的目的:
- 调查秘鲁的布莱法罗尼乌拉及其寄生虫的宿主植物关联和利基区分策略.
- 利用分子数据来发现复杂的相互作用,并确定以前未知的寄生虫与宿主关联.
主要方法:
- 收集来自秘鲁两种植物的鲜花.
- 分析分子数据以识别和寄生虫物种及其关联.
- 检查飞和成人的出现,以确定寄生虫的成功率.
主要成果:
- 从3636朵花中鉴定出1478个,代表14种Blepharoneura和18种寄生虫 (14种Bellopius).
- 多种共性寄生虫物种专注于同一宿主植物物种相同性别的花朵,表明极端的利基重叠.
- 虽然大多数贝洛皮乌斯物种只从一种物种中出现,但幼分析显示它们攻击了其他物种,这表明通过差异性出现成功地划分了利基.
结论:
- 这项研究揭示了寄生虫黄蜂中复杂的利基分区,尽管有明显的宿主植物重叠.
- 寄生虫中的差异性出现成功是利基分割的关键机制,最大限度地减少了直接竞争.
- 分子技术对于在物种丰富的环境中发现复杂的生态相互作用至关重要.
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