一种新的化石物种支持牙的鱼回声定位的早期起源
Jonathan H Geisler1, Matthew W Colbert2, James L Carew3
1Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, Old Westbury, New York 11568, USA.
Nature
|March 28, 2014
概括
一个新的化石鱼,Cotylocara macei,表明原始的回声定位在早期的奥利古纪牙 (odontocetes) 进化. 这种适应在它们从过食鱼分离后不久出现,影响了骨进化.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 鱼类 (牙,海豚,海豚) 在水生环境中使用回声定位进行导航和狩猎.
- 发育的起源和声定位在odontocetes的解剖学发展仍然在很大程度上是未知的.
- 音响定位涉及产生由空气鼻腔和瓜子调节的高频发声.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究鱼的回声定位的早期演变.
- 为了分析一个新发现的Oligocene odontocete化石,Cotylocara macei,寻找回声定位的证据.
- 推断回声定位的时间和解剖学前体.
主要方法:
- 在南卡罗来纳州发现并描述了一种新的化石牙虫,Cotylocara macei.
- 对化石头骨特征的分析可能与回声定位有关 (头骨,气囊,头骨不对称,大).
- 遗传学分析以确定化石在Odontoceti中的进化位置.
主要成果:
- 毛皮 (Cotylocara macei) 呈现出几种暗示回声定位的特征,包括密集的,向下翻转的脸和骨不对称.
- 遗传学分析将Cotylocara置于odontocetes的一个基底类.
- 这些发现表明,原始的回声定位在早期的奥利古纪 (Oligocene) 演变.
结论:
- 一种原始的回声定位形式很可能在早期的奥利古纪 (Oligocene) 时代 (odontocetes) 进化,在它们从神秘体 (mysticetes) 分离后不久.
- 回声定位的进化与面部肌肉的扩大有关,并导致头骨形态的融合变化.
- 科提洛卡拉马赛 (Cotylocara macei) 提供了关键证据,证明了这种在牙的鱼中显著的感官适应的早期阶段.
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