板块构造学,损伤和继承
David Bercovici1, Yanick Ricard2
1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8109, USA.
Nature
|April 11, 2014
概括
在地球上,板块构造的启动涉及到10亿年的滞后. 石质层损伤,地幔流动和原沉降结合形成弱板边界,使全球构造学成为可能.
科学领域:
- 地质物理学 地质物理学
- 行星科学 行星科学
- 构造学 构造学 构造学 构造学
背景情况:
- 地球上板块构造学的开始是一个关键事件,但早期原始沉降和广泛的全球构造学之间的数十亿年的差距仍然无法解释.
- 了解这种时间延迟对于理解地球动态板块构造学起源至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究地球上板块构造学开始时存在的时间滞后背后的机制.
- 提出一个模型,解释石质层损伤和地幔动力学如何有助于形成广泛的板块边界.
主要方法:
- 数字模拟包括谷物演变,损伤力学和复合体风学.
- 将这些与压力驱动的石质层流的理想化模型相结合,模拟对流向下流效应.
- 在类似地球和更热的类似金星的表面条件下测试模型.
主要成果:
- 在类似地球的条件下,模拟显示,累积的石质层损伤和遗传的弱区,加上短暂的地幔流,导致形成稳定,潜伏驱动的板块,具有被动扩散和冲击滑动边缘.
- 在更热的条件下 (例如,金星),可以忽略不计的损害积累阻止了板块构造学的广泛发展,只剩下俯冲区.
- 板块后的发展,不断演变的驱动力和遗传的弱点促进了构造学复杂性,包括斜浮和小板块碎片化.
结论:
- 拟议的模型成功地解释了地球板块构造学启动的时间滞后,通过石质层损伤,地幔流动和原始沉降的相互作用.
- 该模型对金星的适用性凸显了表面温度和石质层特性在行星构造学开始和风格中的关键作用.
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