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相关概念视频

Microvilli00:55

Microvilli

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Microvilli are tiny finger-like projections found on the surface of certain cells. Their purpose is to increase the surface area of the cell's apical surface, resulting in more effective absorption or secretion of substances.
These microvilli are predominantly present in cells lining the small intestine, kidney tubules, and certain cells in the respiratory and reproductive systems. By significantly expanding the surface area of the cell membrane, microvilli enhance the cell's capacity...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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相关实验视频

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The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy
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由基于protocadherin的微小间粘附驱动的肠道刷边缘组件.

Scott W Crawley1, David A Shifrin1, Nathan E Grega-Larson1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

Cell
|April 15, 2014
PubMed
概括

刷边界组件依赖于微之间的依赖的粘附链接,由特定的protocadherins介导. 在阿舍尔综合征模型中看到的这个过程中的缺陷,突出了这些链接对肠道功能的重要性.

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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 皮质生物学 皮质生物学
  • 发展生物学 发展生物学

背景情况:

  • 上微会增加上皮质的表面积,以吸收和防御.
  • 由微型组成的肠道刷边界,对于恒温至关重要.
  • 刷边缘组装的机制仍然不太了解.

研究的目的:

  • 为了阐明驱动肠道刷边缘组件的分子机制.
  • 为了确定参与微粘附和组织的关键蛋白质.
  • 为了调查刷边缘缺陷和阿舍尔综合征之间的联系.

主要方法:

  • 研究了微小菌之间的Ca2+) 依赖的粘附联系.
  • 描述了protocadherin-24和类protocadherin在微小间联系中的作用.
  • 使用了阿舍尔综合征的氨酸缺乏的小鼠模型.

主要成果:

  • 刷边缘组装是由微型菌之间的Ca2+) 依赖的粘附驱动的.
  • 프로토카데린-24 和 类似于粘素的 프로토카데린 在微小的尖端形成跨异质复合体.
  • 哈尔蒙因和髓-7b促进了微原cadherin的局部化.
  • 荷尔蒙素缺乏症会导致protocadherin的错位化和严重的刷边缘缺陷.

结论:

  • 揭示了一种基于粘附的机制,用于刷边缘组装.
  • 鉴定了由protocadherin介导的粘附性对微组织至关重要.
  • 建立了阿舍尔综合征病理和刷边缘组装缺陷之间的联系.