在非洲鸟类中通过灵活的报警模仿来欺骗
Tom P Flower1, Matthew Gribble, Amanda R Ridley
1Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 3, 2014
概括
叉尾龙使用欺骗性的警报来窃取食物. 通过改变这些模仿呼叫,它们避免被发现并成功地利用其他物种,展示了自然界中灵活的欺骗策略.
科学领域:
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
背景情况:
- 欺骗在自然界中很普遍,但其有效性通常受到信号重复的限制.
- 猎物种习惯于频繁出现的欺骗性信号,减少它们的响应.
- 灵活的信号变化可能是克服习惯约束的策略.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查叉尾龙 (Dicrurus adsimilis) 如何使用欺骗性的警报来获取食物.
- 为了确定drongo是否模仿目标物种的警报呼叫.
- 检查欺骗性呼叫的变化如何影响猎物的反应和逃避频率依赖的约束.
主要方法:
- 对叉尾龙虎寻食行为的观测研究.
- 德龙戈的警报呼叫和目标物种的呼叫的声学分析.
- 播放实验,以评估猎物对重复和多样化的德龙戈警报呼叫的反应.
主要成果:
- 观察到叉尾龙模仿了它们准的物种的警报呼叫.
- 目标物种习惯于重复的虚假警报呼叫从drongos.
- 不同类型的警报保持了猎物的恐惧反应,允许成功的食物盗窃.
- 在对同一物种的重复尝试中,drongo通过改变呼叫类型来调整其模仿策略.
结论:
- 叉尾龙通过模仿和改变警报声,成功地运用灵活的欺骗手段.
- 信号变化使得drongos能够逃避依赖频率的约束,这些约束限制了欺骗的回报.
- 这项研究强调了鸟类物种复杂的欺骗策略和认知能力.
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