谁一直在照顾婴儿?
Gary L Darmstadt1, Mary V Kinney2, Mickey Chopra3
1Global Development Division, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 24, 2014
概括
尽管政策取得了进展,但由于投资和实施不足,新生儿存活率和死产率的减少仍滞后. 增加国内资金,全球协调和更好的数据对于在母亲,新生儿和儿童健康方面取得更快进展至关重要.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 新生儿医学 新生儿医学
背景情况:
- 在新生儿生存系列发表十年后,这篇论文评估了将新生儿护理纳入生殖,孕产妇,新生儿和儿童健康和营养 (RMNCH) 的进展.
- "每一个新生儿系列"评估了过去十年新生儿存活率和降低死胎的进展.
研究的目的:
- 通过评估过去十年的政策变化和实施,评估新生儿生存率和死胎减少的进展.
- 在RMNCH计划中确定加速新生儿健康干预进展的关键要求.
主要方法:
- 系统的政策启发式分析检查议程制定,政策制定,领导,伙伴关系,实施和评估.
- 审查有关新生儿健康的全球卫生议程和政策框架的变化.
主要成果:
- 在制定新生儿健康议程和制定政策方面取得了显著进展,并认识到向"母亲,新生儿和儿童健康"的转变.
- 令人失望的低投资和新生儿干预措施的大规模实施,死亡出生问题基本上没有得到解决.
- 新生儿存活率和死胎减少的进展落后于孕产妇死亡率和婴儿死亡率 (1-59个月).
结论:
- 在降低新生儿存活率和死产率方面取得更快进展,需要明确沟通有效的干预措施和扩大规模的战略.
- 加速的基本要素包括国家领导力,技术能力,全球合作伙伴协调,增加国内投资,改善监测数据和问责制.
- 需要采取紧急行动,确保决策转化为在未来十年内在RMNCH计划中有效实施新生儿健康干预措施.
相关概念视频
00:55Parental Care
11.6K
Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
11.6K
01:20Attachment
790
Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
790
01:25Continuing Care
1.8K
Continuing care describes the variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. The need for continuing care is increasing because people are living longer. Many people do not have families or others to care for them. Continuing care is mainly for patients who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering from a terminal disease. It is available within institutional settings or in homes. Examples include nursing centers or facilities, assisted living,...
1.8K
01:15Nursing Implementation
6.3K
Implementation is the execution of the nursing care plan developed during the planning phase.
The five steps to implementing effective nursing care include reassessing the patient, reviewing and revising the existing nursing care plan, organizing the resources and care delivery, anticipating and preventing complications, and implementing nursing interventions.
The five steps to implementing effective nursing care include reassessing the patient, reviewing and revising the existing nursing care plan, organizing the resources and care delivery, anticipating and preventing complications, and implementing nursing interventions.
6.3K
01:30Specialized Care Centers and Settings-I
1.2K
Specialized care settings or centers are situated in convenient locations within the community and offer care to a specific group or population. They consist of daycare facilities, mental health facilities, rural health facilities, educational institutions, industries, shelters for the homeless, and rehabilitation facilities.
Daycare centers
They provide several functions. Some facilities care for healthy newborns and children whose parents work, while others are medically focused and care for...
Daycare centers
They provide several functions. Some facilities care for healthy newborns and children whose parents work, while others are medically focused and care for...
1.2K
01:30Development of Human Microbiota
61
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
61