在牙买加,劳动力市场恢复到早期儿童刺激干预
Paul Gertler1, James Heckman2, Rodrigo Pinto3
1University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA, USA. gertler@haas.berkeley.edu.
概括
在牙买加,对增长迟缓的幼儿进行幼儿时代心理社会刺激,可显著提高长期收入25%. 这种干预表明了实质性的经济效益,缩小了与非衰退的同行收入差距.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 关于发展中国家早期儿童干预措施的长期经济效益的证据有限.
- 之前的研究强调了美国幼儿计划的显著经济回报.
- 儿童发育迟缓是发展中国家普遍存在的问题,影响长期结果.
研究的目的:
- 对牙买加增长迟缓的幼儿进行心理社会刺激干预的长期经济影响进行评估.
- 确定幼儿干预措施是否可以在低收入国家背景下带来实质性的收入改善.
- 评估获得早期干预的滞后儿童在收入方面的追赶潜力.
主要方法:
- 一项随机对照试验,涉及对牙买加增长迟缓的幼儿进行心理社会刺激 (1986-1987).
- 干预包括2年来每周进行家庭访问,重点关注育儿技能和认知/社会情感发展.
- 20年后,对干预参与者进行了后续访谈,并对非缩的对比组进行了后续访谈.
主要成果:
- 干预导致参与者的收入增加了25%.
- 干预参与者的收入与非化的对照组的收入相提并论.
- 这些发现表明,早期心理社会刺激带来了显著和持久的经济效益.
结论:
- 早期的心理社会刺激干预在改善发展中国家儿童的长期经济成果方面是有效的.
- 投资于儿童早期发展计划可以减轻与儿童发育迟缓相关的经济不利因素.
- 该研究提供了强有力的证据,证明了在资源有限的环境中早期干预计划的经济可行性.
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