在孟加拉国营养不良儿童中持续的肠道微生物群不成熟
Sathish Subramanian1, Sayeeda Huq2, Tanya Yatsunenko1
1Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
Nature
|June 5, 2014
概括
严重急性营养不良 (SAM) 与不成熟的肠道微生物群有关,营养干预只能部分修复. 微生物群成熟度指数提供了一种新的方法来分类营养不良,并评估儿童治疗的有效性.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 治疗性食物可以降低严重急性营养不良 (SAM) 的死亡率,但无法完全恢复健康的生长.
- 在儿童营养不良中,营养干预,肠道微生物群和治疗结果之间的相互作用仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定细菌物种定义健康的肠道微生物群组装在幼儿时期.
- 开发和应用微生物群成熟度指数 (相对微生物群成熟度指数和微生物群对年龄的Z-score),以评估营养不良儿童的肠道微生物发育.
- 评估营养干预措施对SAM和中度急性营养不良儿童肠道微生物群成熟度的影响.
主要方法:
- 机器学习分析了16S rRNA基因测序数据,这些数据来自从出生到健康儿童的每月便样本.
- 基于年龄歧视性细菌物种的"微生物群成熟度指数"和"微生物群年龄Z分"的开发.
- 这些指数应用于包括双胞胎/三胞胎在内的队列,随机试验中的SAM儿童和中度急性营养不良儿童.
主要成果:
- 严重急性营养不良 (SAM) 与显著的肠道微生物群不成熟有关.
- 对SAM的营养干预仅部分改善了微生物群的成熟度.
- 在中度急性营养不良中也观察到微生物群不成熟,与人类测量结果相关.
结论:
- 微生物群成熟度指数作为产后发育的微生物指标,也是分类营养不良的工具.
- 目前的营养干预措施不足以完全修复儿童营养不良的肠道微生物群.
- 长期干预,可能包括益生菌,可能是必要的,以实现肠道微生物群和临床结果的持久改善.
相关概念视频
Development of Human Microbiota
61
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
61
Anatomy of the Intestines
65.1K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
65.1K
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine
75
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
75
Development of the Oral Microbiota
65
The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
65
Gut-Brain Axis
216
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
216
Microbiota of the Large Intestine
96
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
96


