当地的背景气候对城市热岛的强烈贡献
Lei Zhao1, Xuhui Lee1, Ronald B Smith2
11] Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China [2] School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
Nature
|July 11, 2014
概括
城市热岛 (UHI) 被城市将热量转移到大气中的效率加剧了,而不仅仅是降低了冷却. 这种对流效应因气候而异,影响城市变暖和热应激.
科学领域:
- 气候科学 气候科学
- 城市气候学 城市气候学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 城市热岛 (UHI) 显著影响全球人口,但其驱动因素尚未完全理解.
- 对UHI强度 (ΔT) 的定量归因是有效缓解策略的障碍.
- 一个常见的,但潜在的不完整的,感知归因于UHI减少蒸发式冷却.
研究的目的:
- 在北美城市中量化归因白天城市热岛强度 (ΔT) 的驱动因素.
- 调查对流传热传递效率在解释 ΔT 的地理变异中的作用.
- 评估当地背景气候对城市和农村热传输之间的关系的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用气候模型模拟和分析城市和农村地区之间的温度差异 (ΔT).
- 研究了空气动力学特性 (表面粗度) 和对流传热传递效率之间的关系.
- 分析了背景气候 (潮湿与干燥) 对白天 ΔT 的影响.
主要成果:
- 日间 ΔT 的地理差异主要由城市和农村地区对流传热传递效率的差异来解释.
- 空气动力学上更光滑的城市表面导致散热效率降低,城市变暖增加.
- 对流效应显著改变白天的ΔT,在潮湿的气候中增加3.0 ± 0.3 K,在干燥的气候中减少1.5 ± 0.2 K.
- 在潮湿的美国东部,在干燥的年份观察到更高的 ΔT,这表明降水-温度反.
结论:
- 受城市表面空气动力学影响的对流传热传递效率是城市热岛强度的主要驱动因素.
- 在潮湿的气候和干燥的年份,超高温辐射会加剧热浪压力,对人类健康产生影响.
- 阿尔贝多管理为大规模减少城市热岛强度提供了一个可行的战略.
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